Joshua Joseph Niyo

Dr. Joshua Joseph Niyo is Head of Unit and Senior Legal Expert – Africa at the Diakonia International Humanitarian Law (IHL) Centre in Nairobi, Kenya. He has served as Regional Legal Adviser for the Centre in East and Central Africa, adjunct lecturer at UCLA, UC Irvine, and Pepperdine University, and was a Swiss National Science Foundation Visiting Researcher. His work spans multiple conflict-affected contexts across Africa, including Mozambique, Ethiopia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Mali, and South Sudan, and leads efforts to strengthen IHL capacity among humanitarian stakeholders.

Book Symposium ‘Proxy Warfare’: Outsourcing Occupation? Proxy Control and the Structure of Legal Obligation

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Introduction When States exercise control over foreign territory through armed intermediaries rather than through their own regular forces, international humanitarian law (IHL) confronts a fundamental challenge: does the law of occupation still apply, or does indirect control create a space of diminished accountability? Eugénie Duss’s Chapter Seven offers an important and carefully reasoned answer. It rejects the …

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Instant Non-international Armed Conflict? Classifying the situation in Northern Ethiopia under IHL

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Introduction The seemingly sudden outburst of significant violence in Northern Ethiopia has raised international concern, as well as critical legal paradigmatic issues. Accordingly, in this post, we evaluate this current situation in Ethiopia in light of international humanitarian law (IHL) requirements for the classification of armed conflicts. The post argues that the carefully planned, coordinated, …

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